Nama : Triajeng Adelle Lestari
Kelas : 1EA15
NPM : 18213974
DIRECT
AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Pengertian Direct dan Indirect Speech
Adalah materi grammar dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai kalimat yang
menyatakan langsung (Direct Speech) dan perubahannya menjadi kalimat tidak
langsung (Indirect Speech). Untuk merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat
tidak langsung ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan antara lain;
1. Perubahan Struktur Kalimat (Structure )
2. Tensis (Tenses)
3. Kata ganti orang (Pronoun)
4. Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverb of
time and place)
Untuk mengetahui penggunaan Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech sebaiknya
kita mengetahui dan mengerti juga tentang Reporting Speech dan Reported
Speech ( Diterangkan Menerangkan).
·
Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam
kalimat Direct Speech yang ditandai oleh tanda petik ( “ ) pada awal dan akhir
kalimat.
Contoh :
· He said, “I have a
present for you in my bag.”
· He asked me, “why do
you hate me.”
·
Reported Speech adalah bagian depan
kalimat Direct Speech
Contoh :
· He said, “I have a present
for you in my bag.”
· He asked me, “why do you
hate him.”
Selanjutnya dapat kita jelaskan direct dan indirect speech berdasarkan perubahan-perubahan berikut ini:
1. Perubahan Struktur Kalimat
Jika diperhatikan pada kalimat Direct Speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang
identik yaitu terdapat tanda petik (“). Tanda petik tersebut merupakan cara
yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct dan indirect.
·
Sebagai Kalimat Perintah.
Ketika kalimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect
speech, tanda petik tersebut dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata ‘that’ atau ‘to’ (untuk
kalimat perintah).
Contoh:
Direct Speech
- He said, “I have a
present for you in my bag”.
- He asked me, “why do
you hate him”.
- He ordered me, “don’t
bring a book”
Indirect Speech
- He said that he
had a present for me in his bag.
- He asked me why I hate
him.
- He ordered me to didn’t
bring a book.
·
Sebagai Kalimat Tanya
Perubahan struktur kalimat menggunakan kalimat tanya ‘yes-no question’,
maka akan dirubah menjadi ‘if/whether’ kalimat afirmatif (berita).
Contoh:
Direct Speech
- They asked me, “Do you
want to join us to play football?”
- He asked me, “Does she
want to mary me”.
Indirect Speech
- They asked me if/whether I
want to join them to play foorball.
- He asked me if/whether she
wants to mary her
Sedangkan untuk kalimat Tanya yang menggunakan 5W-1H (Why, Who, What,
When, Where, How) maka perubahan kalimat afirmatif menjadi sebagai berikut;
Direct Speech
- He asked me, “why do
you come late?”
- He asked me, “who is
she?”
- He asked me, “what
does she eat?”
- He asked me, “when did
you come?”
- He asked me, “where
are you come from?”
- He asked me, “how are
you?”
Indirect Speech
- He asked me why you
come late.
- He asked me who was
she.
- He asked me what she
ate.
- He asked me when I
came.
- He asked me where I
came from.
- He asked me how I was.
2. Perubahan Tensis
Adapun perubahan direct dan indirect speech pada tensis dapat
dirumuskan menjadi sebagai berikut:
Direct Speech
Tenses Indirect
Speech Tenses
- Simple
Present - Simple
Past
- Present Continous - Past
Continous
- Present
Future - Past
Future
- Present
Perfect - Past
Perfect
- Present Perfect
Continous - Past
Perfect Continous
- Simple
Past - Past
Perfect
- Past Continous - Past
Perfect Continous
Contoh:
Direct Speech
Tenses Indirect
Speech Tenses
- Verb1
(eat) - Verb2
(ate)
- Verb2
(ate) - Had
+ Verb3 (had eaten)
- Am/is/are - Was/Were
- Do/Does - Did
- Do/Does
not - Did
not
- Did
not - Had
not + Verb3
- Was/Were - Had
been
- Am/is/Are +
Verb-ing - Was/Were
+ Verb-ing
- Was/were +
Verb-ing - Had
been + Verb-ing
- Has/Have +
Verb3 - Had
+ Verb3
- Will/Shall/Can/May/Must - Would/Should/Could/Might/Had
to
- Could/Might/Should/Would
+ Verb1/be - Could/Might/Should/Would + have + Verb3/been
3. Perubahan Kata Ganti Orang (Pronoun)
Perubahan kata ganti orang dan possessive tergantung kepada subyek dan
obyek yang dipakai di direct speech yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan kata
ganti orang pada indirect speech.
·
Kata Ganti orang pertama ( I dan We )
pada reporting speech berubah sesuai subyek yang ada di reported speech
Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
- He said, I am
busy - He said
that he was busy.
- She said, I am
unwell. - She said
that she was unwell.
- I said, I will
be
late - I said
that I would be late
- They said, We will
not permit this - They said
that they would not permit that
- We said, We need
to buy some clothes. - We said that we needed
to buy some clothes
·
Kata Ganti orang kedua ( You ) pada
direct speech berubah sesuai obyek pada reported speech
Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
- He said to me, You have
to come with me. - He
told me that I had to go with him.
- She said to me, You can
go. - She
told me that I could go.
- She said to him, You can
go. - She
told him that he could go.
·
Kata Ganti orang ketiga ( He, she, it dan
they) pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah menjadi
indirect speech.
Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
- He said, She is
good
girl. - He
said that she was a good girl.
- She said, They have
invited
us - She
said that they had invited them.
- They said, He does
not have the necessary - They said that he didn’t have the
necessary
qualifications. qualifications.
4. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat
Perubahan direct ke indirect speech juga mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya
adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverd of place (keterangan tempat), maka
kita harus memahami hal sebagai berikut ;
Direct Speech Indirect
Speech
- Now - Then
- To
day - That
day, The next day, The day after.
- Tomorrow - The
following day, a day later.
- Next
…. - The….
After, The following …
- Last
…. - The
… before, The previous …
- ….
Ago - …
before, …earlier,
- Yesterday - The
day before, The previous day,
The preceeding day.
- The day before
yesterday - Two
day before
- Here - There
- This - That
- These - Those
Contoh.
Direct Speech
- He said, “I have a
present for you in my bag,here”.
- He said, “I do not
have a present for you in my bag”.
- He asked, “Do I have a
present for you in my bag?”
- He asked me, “Why do I
have a present for you in my bag?”
- He ordered/commanded
me, “Bring my bag here now!”
- He oredered me, “Don’t
bring your bag here!”
Indirect Speech
- He said that he had a
present for me in his bag there.
- He said that he did
not have a present for me in his bag.
- He asked me if/whether
he had a present for me in his bag.
- He asked me why he had
to have a present for me in hid bag.
- He ordered/commanded
me to bring his bag there then.
- He ordered me not to
bring my bag there.
Contoh
Soal
1. “Where did you go four days ago?” John asked.
Tony asked …….
A. where did I go four days ago
B. where I did go four days ago
C. Where I had gone four days before
D. where I had gone four days ago.
E. where I went four days before
2. Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy : he wanted to know ____
a. if Mary was absent d. that Mary had been absent
b. why Mary was absent e. why Mary had been absent
c. why was Mary absent
3.
Mother : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.
Herman : Okay, mom.
Rudy : What did your mother just told you?
Herman : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.
a. I wasn’t so noisy d. I am very noisy
b. not to be so noisy e. to be not so noisy
c. don’t be noisy
Herman : Okay, mom.
Rudy : What did your mother just told you?
Herman : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.
a. I wasn’t so noisy d. I am very noisy
b. not to be so noisy e. to be not so noisy
c. don’t be noisy
4. Doctor : Open your mouth!
Mother : What did the doctor tell you?
Son : The doctor told me ___
a. that I open his mouth d. to open my mouth
b. if I opened my mouth e. opened my mouth
c. to open my mouth
5. Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
Mother asked me ____
a. whether I wanted meatball or fried shicken
b. whether I want meatball or fried chicken
c. that I wanted meatball or fried chicken
d. that I want meatball or fried chicken
e. if I want meatball or fried chicken
Sumber
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